Pruning Roses

If you want large flowers with long stems and attractive rose bushes, you have to prune your roses.

The general rule is to make all pruning cuts just above an outside bud so the new growth will develop outward, opening up the plant to allow for better air circulation and sunlight exposure. Different roses require somewhat different treatment:

Hybrid tea roses are the ones that produce large flowers, one per stem. These should be pruned by the size of the stem which is called a cane. For example, if a small cane is about the size of a pencil, prune it back to four to six inches from the graft (the swelling at the base of the canes, where the bush was budded onto the root stock). If the cane is about the size of our little finger, prune it back to about four to eight inches from the graft. Canes that are the size of your forefinger should be pruned down to about eight to twelve inches from the graft. Larger canes that are thumb sized or larger should be pruned at two feet of less, if possible.

Floribunda and polyanthus roses are the type that produce lots of flowers per stem. Although some can be cut and used as cut flowers, most are grown for garden show because of their prolific flowering habit. The floribundas are generally smaller growing. These are easy to prune, simply cut the canes back at about twelve to eighteen inches from the graft.

Climbers need to be limited to around four or six canes, removing all the surplus ones. The ones you keep should be the younger green canes. The only pruning you do on the main cane is to simply cut it back on the tips so it fits the surface the plant is covering. Do not cut the canes severely as you do with the other types, because a climbing rose produces canes one year which flower in their second year.

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